patent of addition

дополнительный патент; см. additional patent

дополнительный патент; см. patent of addition

1) Law: addition to patent, patent of addition

2) Economy: additional patent, collateral patent, patent in addition

3) Patents: complementary patent, complementary patent (необходимый для эксплуатации другого патента или патентов), patent of addition (на улучшение или модификацию изобретения), subpatent, subsidiary patent

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n < Patent> improvement patent

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nt additional patent, patent of addition

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additional patent n.

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m 1. < Comp> add-on; 2. < Geschäft> adjunct, additive, annex (AE), annexe (BE) ; 3. < Mgmnt> add-on; 4. <Patent, Pol> amendment; 5. < Rechnung> add-on; 6. <V&M> addition ■ Zusatz zu < Geschäft> in addition to

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SUBJECT AREA: Textiles

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William Thomas, of Cheapside, London, was a manufacturer of shoes, umbrellas and corsets. He paid Elias Howe a sum of £250 to secure the British rights of Howe's 1846 patent for the lock-stitch sewing machine. Thomas persuaded Howe to go from the USA to England and apply his machine to the manufacture of shoes and corsets. Howe was to receive £3 per week, and in addition Thomas was to patent the machine in Britain and pay Howe £3 for every machine sold under the British patent. Patents for sewing machines were taken out in the name of W.Thomas in 1846 and 1848, and again in 1849. Howe did travel to Britain but quarrelled with Thomas after less than a year and returned to the USA. In 1853 Thomas started selling his own lock-stitch machine. There are patents in the name of W.F. Thomas for sewing machines, making button-holes bindings, etc., dating from 1853 through to 1864.

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SUBJECT AREA: Textiles

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Heathcote was the son of a small farmer who became blind, obliging the family to move to Long Whatton, near Loughborough, c.1790. He was apprenticed to W.Shepherd, a hosiery-machine maker, and became a frame-smith in the hosiery industry. He moved to Nottingham where he entered the employment of an excellent machine maker named Elliott. He later joined William Caldwell of Hathern, whose daughter he had married. The lace-making apparatus they patented jointly in 1804 had already been anticipated, so Heathcote turned to the problem of making pillow lace, a cottage industry in which women made lace by arranging pins stuck in a pillow in the correct pattern and winding around them thread contained on thin bobbins. He began by analysing the complicated hand-woven lace into simple warp and weft threads and found he could dispense with half the bobbins. The first machine he developed and patented, in 1808, made narrow lace an inch or so wide, but the following year he made much broader lace on an improved version. In his second patent, in 1809, he could make a type of net curtain, Brussels lace, without patterns. His machine made bobbin-net by the use of thin brass discs, between which the thread was wound. As they passed through the warp threads, which were arranged vertically, the warp threads were moved to each side in turn, so as to twist the bobbin threads round the warp threads. The bobbins were in two rows to save space, and jogged on carriages in grooves along a bar running the length of the machine. As the strength of this fabric depended upon bringing the bobbin threads diagonally across, in addition to the forward movement, the machine had to provide for a sideways movement of each bobbin every time the lengthwise course was completed. A high standard of accuracy in manufacture was essential for success. Called the "Old Loughborough", it was acknowledged to be the most complicated machine so far produced. In partnership with a man named Charles Lacy, who supplied the necessary capital, a factory was established at Loughborough that proved highly successful; however, their fifty-five frames were destroyed by Luddites in 1816. Heathcote was awarded damages of £10,000 by the county of Nottingham on the condition it was spent locally, but to avoid further interference he decided to transfer not only his machines but his entire workforce elsewhere and refused the money. In a disused woollen factory at Tiverton in Devonshire, powered by the waters of the river Exe, he built 300 frames of greater width and speed. By continually making inventions and improvements until he retired in 1843, his business flourished and he amassed a large fortune. He patented one machine for silk cocoon-reeling and another for plaiting or braiding. In 1825 he brought out two patents for the mechanical ornamentation or figuring of lace. He acquired a sound knowledge of French prior to opening a steam-powered lace factory in France. The factory proved to be a successful venture that lasted many years. In 1832 he patented a monstrous steam plough that is reputed to have cost him over £12,000 and was claimed to be the best in its day. One of its stated aims was "improved methods of draining land", which he hoped would develop agriculture in Ireland. A cable was used to haul the implement across the land. From 1832 to 1859, Heathcote represented Tiverton in Parliament and, among other benefactions, he built a school for his adopted town.

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SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics

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Carlson studied physics at the California Institute of Technology and in 1930 he took a research position at Bell Telephone Laboratories, but soon transferred to their patent department. To equip himself in this field, Carlson studied law, and in 1934 he became a patent attorney at P.R.Mallory \& Co., makers of electrical apparatus. He was struck by the difficulty in obtaining copies of documents and drawings; indeed, while still at school, he had encountered printing problems in trying to produce a newsletter for amateur chemists. He began experimenting with various light-sensitive substances, and by 1937 he had conceived the basic principles of xerography ("dry writing"), using the property of certain substances of losing an electrostatic charge when light impinges on them. His work for Mallory brought him into contact with the Battelle Memorial Institute, the world's largest non-profit research organization; their subsidiary, set up to develop promising ideas, took up Carlson's invention. Carlson received his first US patent for the process in 1940, with two more in 1942, and he assigned to Battelle exclusive patent rights in return for a share of any future proceeds. It was at Battelle that selenium was substituted as the light-sensitive material.

In 1946 the Haloid Company of Rochester, manufacturers of photographic materials and photocopying equipment, heard of the Xerox copier and, seeing it as a possible addition to their products, took out a licence to develop it commercially. The first Xerox Copier was tested during 1949 and put on the market the following year. The process soon began to displace older methods, such as Photostat, but its full impact on the public came in 1959 with the advent of the Xerox 914 Copier. It is fair to apply the overworked word "revolution" to the change in copying methods initiated by Carlson. He became a multimillionaire from his royalties and stock holding, and in his last years he was able to indulge in philanthropic activities.

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SUBJECT AREA: Textiles

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William Dawson, a Leicester framework knitter, made an important addition to William Lee's knitting machine with his invention of the notched wheel in 1791. Lee's machine could make only plain knitting; to be able to knit patterns, there had to be some means of mechanically selecting and operating, independently of all the others, any individual thread, needle, lever or bar at work in the machine. This was partly achieved when Dawson devised a wheel that was irregularly notched on its edge and which, when rotated, pushed sprung bars, which in turn operated on the needles or other parts of the recently invented warp knitting machines. He seems to have first applied the idea for the knitting of military sashes, but then found it could be adapted to plait stay laces with great rapidity. With the financial assistance of two Leicester manufacturers and with his own good mechanical ability, Dawson found a way of cutting his wheels. However, the two financiers withdrew their support because he did not finish the design on time, although he was able to find a friend in a Nottingham architect, Mr Gregory, who helped him to obtain the patent. A number of his machines were set up in Nottingham but, like many other geniuses, he squandered his money away. When the patent expired, he asked Lord Chancellor Eldon to have it renewed: he moved his workshop to London, where Eldon inspected his machine, but the patent was not extended and in consequence Dawson committed suicide.

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1 composition, work, piece, opus.

2 composition, article, essay, paper.

3 make-up, constitution, conformation, formation.

4 setting-up.

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► nombre femenino

1 (gen) composition

2 (acuerdo) agreement

3 (arreglo) arrangement

4 (en impresión) setting, composition

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hacer composición de lugar (decidirse) to make a plan of action 2 (formarse una idea) to get a picture of a situation

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1) (Mús, Quím, Arte) composition

2) (Educ) essay

3)

4) (Tip) typesetting

5) [de desacuerdo] settlement; [de personas] reconciliation

6) (=arreglo) arrangement

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1)

a) (de grupo, equipo) composition, makeup

b) ( de sustancia) composition

2) (Art, Fot, Mús) composition; (Educ) ( redacción) composition

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- composición de textos

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= composition, essay, make, setting, writing, make-up [makeup], constitution.

Ex. In particular, a title that consists solely of the name(s) of type(s) of composition requires the following elements in addition to the statement of the medium of performance: serial number, opus number or thematic index number, key.

Ex. In a journal most formal items including articles, essays, discussions and reviews can be expected to be accompanied by an abstract.

Ex. Typically a patent abstract is informative, and includes in the case of an article, its method of making or manufacture.

Ex. A companionship was a team of piecework compositors, led by one of their number, who co-operated in the setting of a book and submitted a single bill for the work, the proceeds of which were then divided amongst themselves.

Ex. This is a project for collaboration in formal report writing based on current social theories of writing.

Ex. Account also had to be taken of the disparate make-up and wide age-spread of a reader community which consists of Commission officials and trainees plus diverse visitors from outside.

Ex. The chemical constitution of these materials is described and their deterioration characteristics explained.

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* composición de canciones = songwriting [song-writing].

* composición de imágenes = image setting.

* composición demográfica = demographic composition.

* composición musical = musical composition.

* composición musical manida = war horse.

* composición original = creative writing.

* composición por confrontación de ideas = brain-writing.

* composición tipográfica = typesetting [type-setting].

* composición tipográfica automatizada = computerised typesetting.

* composición tipográfica por ordenador = computer typesetting.

* sala de composición = composing room.

* taller de trabajo sobre composición = writing workshop.

* técnicas de composición escrita = writing skills.

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1)

a) (de grupo, equipo) composition, makeup

b) ( de sustancia) composition

2) (Art, Fot, Mús) composition; (Educ) ( redacción) composition

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- composición de textos

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1 (de un grupo, equipo) composition, makeup

la actual composición de la junta the present composition o makeup of the board

2 (de una sustancia) composition

1 (obra) composition, work

2 ( Mús) (disciplina) composition

3 (ejercicio) composition

4 ( Art, Fot) composition

hacerse una composición de lugar: para que te hagas una composición de composición, la cocina es la cuarta parte de ésta just to give you an idea o to help you picture it, the kitchen is a quarter of the size of this one

se hizo una composición de composición y decidió irse he took stock of o sized up the situation and decided to leave

typesetting

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composición nf

1. [de sustancia, producto] composition

2. [de equipo, comité] composition, make-up

3. [obra literaria] work;

composición poética poetic composition, poem

4. [técnica musical] composition

5. [redacción] essay, composition ( sobre on)

6. [en fotografía, pintura] composition;

hacerse una composición de lugar to size up the situation;

no me hago una composición de lugar, ¿cómo es la casa? I can't quite visualize it, what's the house like?

7. Ling compounding, combination

8. [en imprenta] typesetting

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f composition

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composición nf, pl - ciones

1) obra: composition, work

2) : makeup, arrangement

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composición n composition